Mercantilism emphasizes which of the following for national wealth?

Mercantilism is a historical economic theory that emphasizes the importance of maximizing a nation's wealth through a favorable balance of trade. This approach advocates that a country should export more than it imports, thereby accumulating resources, especially gold and silver. By generating a surplus in trade, nations believed they could build their economic strength and overall national power.

In this context, the correct choice highlights the central tenet of mercantilist thought: utilizing trade to enhance wealth through a positive balance. This was seen as a way to ensure that the country retains more resources within its borders, leading to greater national wealth.

Other options do not align with the mercantilist perspective. Limiting exports and increasing imports goes against the fundamental idea of creating a surplus; maintaining equilibrium in trade would not actively pursue the accumulation of wealth; and reducing tariffs to encourage free trade suggests a laissez-faire approach, which is contrary to the mercantilist emphasis on state intervention to protect and promote domestic industries through trade policies.