What is a characteristic of voluntary exchange in economics?

Voluntary exchange in economics is based on the idea that both parties involved in a transaction expect to gain from it. This mutual belief is fundamental to the efficiency and effectiveness of a market economy. Each trader participates willingly, believing that what they receive in return for their goods or services will be of greater value to them than what they are giving up. This expectation creates a scenario where both parties are motivated to engage in transactions, fostering a dynamic marketplace.

In contrast, the other options present misconceptions about how voluntary exchange operates. Government intervention is not a requirement for voluntary exchange; instead, it emphasizes the independence of transactions. Additionally, while it is possible for one party to feel they did not gain as expected after a transaction, the principle of voluntary exchange asserts that both parties enter the exchange believing they will benefit, not that one will typically incur a loss. Lastly, making participation mandatory contradicts the essence of voluntary exchange, where freedom to choose is paramount.