Which scenario is an example of involuntary unemployment?

Involuntary unemployment refers to individuals who are actively seeking work but are unable to find employment due to factors beyond their control. The scenario where someone is laid off due to a company downsizing perfectly illustrates this concept. In this case, the individual did not choose to lose their job; rather, external economic conditions led to the company reducing its workforce. This scenario highlights the distinction between voluntary and involuntary unemployment, as those who are involuntarily unemployed are eager to work and are actively looking for new employment opportunities but find themselves without a job due to circumstances that are not within their personal decision-making.

The other scenarios illustrate different concepts of employment status: someone leaving a job for a better offer demonstrates voluntary unemployment, a person on a long-term career break is not actively seeking work, and a skilled worker switching industries may also reflect a voluntary transition rather than an inability to find work.